Market Outlook
The global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter market size was valued at USD 161 million in 2022 and is forecast to a readjusted size of USD 461.9 million by 2029 with a CAGR of 16.2% during review period.
Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is also known as endovascular ultrasound or intravascular echocardiography. It uses a transducer or probe to generate sound waves and produce pictures of the insides of blood vessels. IVUS uses a special catheter with a small ultrasonic transducer on one end. The doctor threads the catheter through an artery or vein to the target location. Once there, the transducer generates sound waves to produce images of the blood vessels and help assess various conditions. The IVUS catheter is a thin, flexible tube with a tiny ultrasonic transducer attached to one end. The other end of the catheter connects to a computer workstation that converts the sound waves from the transducer into real-time images on a monitor. Different size catheters are available depending on the type of blood vessel being imaged.
Global key players of peripheral intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) catheter include Philips, Boston Scientific, in which Philips occupies a dominant position in the market. North America is the largest market, with a share over 55%, followed by Asia-Pacific. In terms of product, frequency 20 MHZ is the largest segment, with a share about 55%. And in terms of application, the largest application is hospital, with a share about 75%.
This report is a detailed and comprehensive analysis for global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter market. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses are presented by manufacturers, by region & country, by Type and by Application. As the market is constantly changing, this report explores the competition, supply and demand trends, as well as key factors that contribute to its changing demands across many markets. Company profiles and product examples of selected competitors, along with market share estimates of some of the selected leaders for the year 2023, are provided.
Key Features:
Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter market size and forecasts, in consumption value ($ Million), sales quantity (K Units), and average selling prices (US$/Unit), 2018-2029
Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter market size and forecasts by region and country, in consumption value ($ Million), sales quantity (K Units), and average selling prices (US$/Unit), 2018-2029
Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter market size and forecasts, by Type and by Application, in consumption value ($ Million), sales quantity (K Units), and average selling prices (US$/Unit), 2018-2029
Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter market shares of main players, shipments in revenue ($ Million), sales quantity (K Units), and ASP (US$/Unit), 2018-2023
The Primary Objectives in This Report Are:
To determine the size of the total market opportunity of global and key countries
To assess the growth potential for Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter
To forecast future growth in each product and end-use market
To assess competitive factors affecting the marketplace
This report profiles key players in the global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter market based on the following parameters - company overview, production, value, price, gross margin, product portfolio, geographical presence, and key developments.
This report also provides key insights about market drivers, restraints, opportunities, new product launches or approvals, COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine War Influence.
Key Market Players
Philips
Boston Scientific
Segmentation By Type
Frequency 10 MHZ
Frequency 20 MHZ
Frequency 30 MHZ
Others
Segmentation By Application
Hospital
Clinic
Others
Segmentation By Region
North America (United States, Canada and Mexico)
Europe (Germany, France, United Kingdom, Russia, Italy, and Rest of Europe)
Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India, Southeast Asia, and Australia)
South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, and Rest of South America)
Middle East & Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, South Africa, and Rest of Middle East & Africa)
Market SWOT Analysis
What are the strengths of the Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Market in 2025?
The Peripheral IVUS Catheter Market in 2025 will likely benefit from advanced imaging technology, providing high-resolution real-time insights into vascular conditions. This aids in better diagnosis and treatment planning for peripheral artery disease (PAD) and other vascular diseases, driving demand for IVUS devices.
What are the weaknesses associated with this market in 2025?
One of the weaknesses is the high cost of IVUS equipment, which may limit its adoption in some healthcare settings, especially in emerging economies. Additionally, the complexity of operating IVUS catheters may require specialized training for healthcare professionals, limiting its widespread use.
What opportunities exist for the Peripheral IVUS Catheter Market in 2025?
There is significant potential for growth in the market due to increasing cases of peripheral artery disease and other vascular disorders, particularly among the aging population. Additionally, innovations in catheter design, such as miniaturization and improved user interfaces, could further expand market opportunities.
What threats could impact the Peripheral IVUS Catheter Market in 2025?
The market could face competition from other diagnostic technologies, such as CT angiography and MRI, which may offer less invasive alternatives. Moreover, regulatory challenges and stringent approval processes for new devices could delay product launches, slowing market growth.
Market PESTEL Analysis
What are the political factors affecting the Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Market in 2025?
Government regulations on medical devices, including approvals and reimbursement policies, will significantly impact the market. Political stability and healthcare policies in key markets like the U.S. and Europe will influence market growth, while policies promoting advanced healthcare infrastructure could boost demand for IVUS technologies.
How do economic factors influence the Peripheral IVUS Catheter Market in 2025?
Economic factors like healthcare budgets, disposable income, and the affordability of medical devices will affect the market. In developed economies, the demand for advanced diagnostic tools like IVUS will remain strong, while in emerging markets, the high cost of these devices may restrict adoption, limiting market expansion.
What social factors are shaping the Peripheral IVUS Catheter Market in 2025?
An aging global population with a rising prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, particularly peripheral artery disease, will drive the demand for IVUS catheters. Additionally, increasing awareness about vascular health and the preference for minimally invasive procedures will support the market growth.
How do technological factors impact the Peripheral IVUS Catheter Market in 2025?
Advancements in ultrasound technology, such as improved imaging resolution, miniaturization of devices, and enhanced catheter flexibility, will improve the performance and adoption of IVUS catheters. Continuous innovation in device design, enabling faster and more accurate diagnostics, will be a key factor in market growth.
What environmental factors are relevant to the Peripheral IVUS Catheter Market in 2025?
Environmental factors are less directly impactful, but sustainability in manufacturing processes and the push for eco-friendly, recyclable materials could become increasingly important. Hospitals and healthcare systems are also focusing on reducing waste, which may influence the development of more sustainable medical devices.
How do legal factors influence the Peripheral IVUS Catheter Market in 2025?
Stringent regulatory requirements for medical device approval and compliance with safety standards will shape the market. Any changes in healthcare regulations or laws around patient data security and device standards could either present challenges or create opportunities, especially regarding international market entry.
Market SIPOC Analysis
Who are the suppliers in the Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Market in 2025?
Suppliers include manufacturers of IVUS catheters, ultrasound technology providers, and raw material suppliers (e.g., specialized plastics, metals, and sensors). These suppliers will play a crucial role in providing the necessary components and technology to develop advanced, high-quality IVUS devices.
What inputs are required for the Peripheral IVUS Catheter Market in 2025?
The primary inputs include advanced imaging technology, catheter components, diagnostic software, and expertise in vascular medicine. Additionally, regulatory approvals, raw materials, and manufacturing processes are essential to the production and distribution of these devices.
What are the processes involved in the Peripheral IVUS Catheter Market in 2025?
Key processes involve research and development to innovate catheter designs and improve imaging accuracy, manufacturing of the IVUS catheters, regulatory approval processes, distribution and logistics, and post-sale support and training for healthcare professionals to operate the devices effectively.
Who are the customers in the Peripheral IVUS Catheter Market in 2025?
Customers include hospitals, clinics, diagnostic centers, and healthcare professionals, particularly those specializing in cardiology and vascular diseases. Additionally, patients diagnosed with peripheral artery disease or other vascular conditions will indirectly drive demand for these diagnostic devices.
What are the outputs of the Peripheral IVUS Catheter Market in 2025?
The outputs are the IVUS catheters themselves, which are used in diagnostic imaging for vascular procedures. These catheters help physicians visualize the condition of arteries and blood vessels, providing valuable data for treatment planning and monitoring of vascular diseases.
Market Porter's Five Forces
What is the threat of new entrants in the Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Market in 2025?
The threat of new entrants is moderate. The high cost of research and development, regulatory hurdles, and the need for specialized expertise in medical device manufacturing create significant barriers to entry. However, advancements in technology and increasing demand could encourage new players to enter the market.
How intense is the bargaining power of suppliers in the Peripheral IVUS Catheter Market in 2025?
The bargaining power of suppliers is moderate. While the market relies on specialized components and technology, the growing number of suppliers in ultrasound imaging and catheter production provides manufacturers with some flexibility. However, the need for high-quality, specialized materials keeps suppliers influential.
What is the bargaining power of buyers in the Peripheral IVUS Catheter Market in 2025?
The bargaining power of buyers is moderate to high. Hospitals and healthcare institutions, being large purchasers of IVUS devices, have significant negotiating power, especially when multiple suppliers are available. However, the specialized nature of IVUS technology limits the number of suppliers, slightly reducing the bargaining power of buyers.
How high is the threat of substitutes in the Peripheral IVUS Catheter Market in 2025?
The threat of substitutes is moderate. While other imaging techniques, such as CT angiography or MRI, can provide diagnostic insights, they are generally more expensive and invasive compared to IVUS. Therefore, while substitutes exist, their cost and complexity make IVUS a preferred option in many cases.
How competitive is the Peripheral IVUS Catheter Market in 2025?
The competition in the market is high. The market is dominated by a few major players, but the growing demand for peripheral artery disease diagnosis and treatment, along with technological advancements, is intensifying competition. Companies must continually innovate to differentiate themselves in this evolving market.
Market Upstream Analysis
What are the key inputs for the Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Market in 2025?
Key inputs include specialized materials such as high-grade metals, plastics, and sensors for manufacturing IVUS catheters. Advanced imaging technologies and software for processing ultrasound data are also crucial, along with research and development resources to drive innovation.
Who are the main suppliers in the upstream value chain of the IVUS Catheter Market in 2025?
The main suppliers are manufacturers of medical-grade materials (e.g., polymer manufacturers, sensor suppliers), ultrasound technology companies, and R&D firms that provide expertise in imaging technology. These suppliers are integral to the development and manufacturing of high-performance IVUS catheters.
What are the key challenges faced by upstream players in the IVUS Catheter Market in 2025?
Upstream players face challenges such as maintaining stringent quality control standards, meeting regulatory requirements for medical devices, and managing the high costs associated with R&D and production. Additionally, there may be pressure to innovate rapidly while controlling production costs.
What are the opportunities for upstream players in the Peripheral IVUS Catheter Market in 2025?
There are opportunities for upstream players to collaborate with IVUS catheter manufacturers to develop next-generation imaging technology and materials that improve performance, durability, and cost-efficiency. Additionally, expanding in emerging markets where the demand for vascular health solutions is growing presents new avenues for growth.
How does the upstream value chain impact the Peripheral IVUS Catheter Market in 2025?
The upstream value chain significantly impacts the IVUS Catheter Market by influencing the cost, quality, and innovation of the final product. Strong collaboration between suppliers and manufacturers ensures the availability of cutting-edge materials and technology, enabling the production of effective and reliable diagnostic devices.
Market Midstream Analysis
What are the key activities in the midstream of the Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Market in 2025?
Key activities in the midstream include the manufacturing and assembly of IVUS catheters, quality control processes, and the integration of advanced imaging technologies. This phase also involves packaging, labeling, and ensuring compliance with regulatory standards before the products are distributed.
Who are the key players in the midstream of the IVUS Catheter Market in 2025?
The key players in the midstream include manufacturers of IVUS catheters, medical device assembly firms, and third-party testing and certification bodies. These players ensure that the catheters are produced to meet medical standards and ready for distribution.
What challenges do midstream players face in the IVUS Catheter Market in 2025?
Midstream players face challenges such as meeting strict regulatory requirements, ensuring product consistency and quality, and managing the cost of manufacturing high-tech, precision medical devices. Additionally, supply chain disruptions and rising material costs can impact production timelines and costs.
What opportunities exist for midstream players in the Peripheral IVUS Catheter Market in 2025?
Opportunities for midstream players include the potential for technological innovation in catheter design, such as enhancing miniaturization and imaging capabilities. There is also room for expanding into emerging markets as healthcare infrastructure improves, driving demand for advanced diagnostic devices.
How does the midstream value chain affect the Peripheral IVUS Catheter Market in 2025?
The midstream value chain plays a critical role in determining the cost, quality, and availability of IVUS catheters. Efficient manufacturing processes and quality assurance are essential for maintaining product standards and meeting the growing global demand for reliable, high-performance medical devices.
Market Downstream Analysis
What are the key activities in the downstream of the Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Market in 2025?
Key activities in the downstream include the distribution and sale of IVUS catheters to hospitals, diagnostic centers, and clinics. This phase also involves after-sales support, such as training healthcare professionals to use the devices, and providing maintenance and service for the equipment.
Who are the primary customers in the downstream of the IVUS Catheter Market in 2025?
The primary customers are healthcare providers, including hospitals, cardiovascular clinics, and diagnostic imaging centers. Physicians specializing in cardiology, particularly those treating peripheral artery disease and other vascular conditions, are the key end-users of the IVUS catheters.
What challenges do downstream players face in the IVUS Catheter Market in 2025?
Downstream players face challenges related to distribution logistics, such as managing inventory and ensuring timely delivery to healthcare facilities. They also must navigate reimbursement issues, as the cost of IVUS catheters may not always be fully covered by insurance providers, impacting their affordability for hospitals and patients.
What opportunities exist for downstream players in the Peripheral IVUS Catheter Market in 2025?
Opportunities for downstream players include expanding into emerging markets with growing healthcare infrastructure and increasing demand for diagnostic equipment. There is also potential for developing strategic partnerships with hospitals and diagnostic centers to provide bundled services that include IVUS catheter devices and training.
How does the downstream value chain affect the Peripheral IVUS Catheter Market in 2025?
The downstream value chain directly impacts the accessibility and affordability of IVUS catheters. Efficient distribution channels and strong relationships with healthcare providers ensure that these devices reach the end-users, while customer support and training help maximize the utility and effectiveness of the technology.
Chapter 1, to describe Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter product scope, market overview, market estimation caveats and base year.
Chapter 2, to profile the top manufacturers of Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter, with price, sales, revenue and global market share of Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter from 2018 to 2023.
Chapter 3, the Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter competitive situation, sales quantity, revenue and global market share of top manufacturers are analyzed emphatically by landscape contrast.
Chapter 4, the Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter breakdown data are shown at the regional level, to show the sales quantity, consumption value and growth by regions, from 2018 to 2029.
Chapter 5 and 6, to segment the sales by Type and application, with sales market share and growth rate by type, application, from 2018 to 2029.
Chapter 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, to break the sales data at the country level, with sales quantity, consumption value and market share for key countries in the world, from 2017 to 2022.and Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter market forecast, by regions, type and application, with sales and revenue, from 2024 to 2029.
Chapter 12, market dynamics, drivers, restraints, trends, Porters Five Forces analysis, and Influence of COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine War.
Chapter 13, the key raw materials and key suppliers, and industry chain of Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter.
Chapter 14 and 15, to describe Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter sales channel, distributors, customers, research findings and conclusion.
1 Market Overview
1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter
1.2 Market Estimation Caveats and Base Year
1.3 Market Analysis by Type
1.3.1 Overview: Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value by Type: 2018 Versus 2022 Versus 2029
1.3.2 Frequency 10 MHZ
1.3.3 Frequency 20 MHZ
1.3.4 Frequency 30 MHZ
1.3.5 Others
1.4 Market Analysis by Application
1.4.1 Overview: Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value by Application: 2018 Versus 2022 Versus 2029
1.4.2 Hospital
1.4.3 Clinic
1.4.4 Others
1.5 Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Market Size & Forecast
1.5.1 Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
1.5.2 Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity (2018-2029)
1.5.3 Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Average Price (2018-2029)
2 Manufacturers Profiles
2.1 Philips
2.1.1 Philips Details
2.1.2 Philips Major Business
2.1.3 Philips Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Product and Services
2.1.4 Philips Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.1.5 Philips Recent Developments/Updates
2.2 Boston Scientific
2.2.1 Boston Scientific Details
2.2.2 Boston Scientific Major Business
2.2.3 Boston Scientific Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Product and Services
2.2.4 Boston Scientific Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.2.5 Boston Scientific Recent Developments/Updates
3 Competitive Environment: Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter by Manufacturer
3.1 Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.2 Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Revenue by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.3 Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Average Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.4 Market Share Analysis (2022)
3.4.1 Producer Shipments of Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter by Manufacturer Revenue ($MM) and Market Share (%): 2022
3.4.2 Top 3 Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Manufacturer Market Share in 2022
3.4.2 Top 6 Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Manufacturer Market Share in 2022
3.5 Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Market: Overall Company Footprint Analysis
3.5.1 Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Market: Region Footprint
3.5.2 Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Market: Company Product Type Footprint
3.5.3 Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Market: Company Product Application Footprint
3.6 New Market Entrants and Barriers to Market Entry
3.7 Mergers, Acquisition, Agreements, and Collaborations
4 Consumption Analysis by Region
4.1 Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Market Size by Region
4.1.1 Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Region (2018-2029)
4.1.2 Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value by Region (2018-2029)
4.1.3 Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Average Price by Region (2018-2029)
4.2 North America Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value (2018-2029)
4.3 Europe Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value (2018-2029)
4.4 Asia-Pacific Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value (2018-2029)
4.5 South America Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value (2018-2029)
4.6 Middle East and Africa Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value (2018-2029)
5 Market Segment by Type
5.1 Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
5.2 Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value by Type (2018-2029)
5.3 Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Average Price by Type (2018-2029)
6 Market Segment by Application
6.1 Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
6.2 Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value by Application (2018-2029)
6.3 Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Average Price by Application (2018-2029)
7 North America
7.1 North America Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
7.2 North America Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
7.3 North America Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Market Size by Country
7.3.1 North America Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2029)
7.3.2 North America Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value by Country (2018-2029)
7.3.3 United States Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
7.3.4 Canada Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
7.3.5 Mexico Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
8 Europe
8.1 Europe Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
8.2 Europe Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
8.3 Europe Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Market Size by Country
8.3.1 Europe Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2029)
8.3.2 Europe Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value by Country (2018-2029)
8.3.3 Germany Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
8.3.4 France Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
8.3.5 United Kingdom Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
8.3.6 Russia Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
8.3.7 Italy Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
9 Asia-Pacific
9.1 Asia-Pacific Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
9.2 Asia-Pacific Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
9.3 Asia-Pacific Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Market Size by Region
9.3.1 Asia-Pacific Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Region (2018-2029)
9.3.2 Asia-Pacific Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value by Region (2018-2029)
9.3.3 China Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
9.3.4 Japan Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
9.3.5 Korea Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
9.3.6 India Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
9.3.7 Southeast Asia Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
9.3.8 Australia Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
10 South America
10.1 South America Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
10.2 South America Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
10.3 South America Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Market Size by Country
10.3.1 South America Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2029)
10.3.2 South America Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value by Country (2018-2029)
10.3.3 Brazil Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
10.3.4 Argentina Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
11 Middle East & Africa
11.1 Middle East & Africa Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
11.2 Middle East & Africa Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
11.3 Middle East & Africa Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Market Size by Country
11.3.1 Middle East & Africa Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2029)
11.3.2 Middle East & Africa Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value by Country (2018-2029)
11.3.3 Turkey Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
11.3.4 Egypt Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
11.3.5 Saudi Arabia Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
11.3.6 South Africa Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
12 Market Dynamics
12.1 Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Market Drivers
12.2 Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Market Restraints
12.3 Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Trends Analysis
12.4 Porters Five Forces Analysis
12.4.1 Threat of New Entrants
12.4.2 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
12.4.3 Bargaining Power of Buyers
12.4.4 Threat of Substitutes
12.4.5 Competitive Rivalry
12.5 Influence of COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine War
12.5.1 Influence of COVID-19
12.5.2 Influence of Russia-Ukraine War
13 Raw Material and Industry Chain
13.1 Raw Material of Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter and Key Manufacturers
13.2 Manufacturing Costs Percentage of Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter
13.3 Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Production Process
13.4 Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Industrial Chain
14 Shipments by Distribution Channel
14.1 Sales Channel
14.1.1 Direct to End-User
14.1.2 Distributors
14.2 Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Typical Distributors
14.3 Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Typical Customers
15 Research Findings and Conclusion
16 Appendix
16.1 Methodology
16.2 Research Process and Data Source
16.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables
Table 1. Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value by Type, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029
Table 2. Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value by Application, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029
Table 3. Philips Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 4. Philips Major Business
Table 5. Philips Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Product and Services
Table 6. Philips Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity (K Units), Average Price (US$/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 7. Philips Recent Developments/Updates
Table 8. Boston Scientific Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 9. Boston Scientific Major Business
Table 10. Boston Scientific Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Product and Services
Table 11. Boston Scientific Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity (K Units), Average Price (US$/Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 12. Boston Scientific Recent Developments/Updates
Table 13. Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Manufacturer (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 14. Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Revenue by Manufacturer (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 15. Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Average Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023) & (US$/Unit)
Table 16. Market Position of Manufacturers in Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter, (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3), Based on Consumption Value in 2022
Table 17. Head Office and Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Production Site of Key Manufacturer
Table 18. Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Market: Company Product Type Footprint
Table 19. Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Market: Company Product Application Footprint
Table 20. Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter New Market Entrants and Barriers to Market Entry
Table 21. Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Mergers, Acquisition, Agreements, and Collaborations
Table 22. Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Region (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 23. Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Region (2024-2029) & (K Units)
Table 24. Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value by Region (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 25. Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value by Region (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 26. Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Average Price by Region (2018-2023) & (US$/Unit)
Table 27. Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Average Price by Region (2024-2029) & (US$/Unit)
Table 28. Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 29. Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Type (2024-2029) & (K Units)
Table 30. Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value by Type (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 31. Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value by Type (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 32. Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Average Price by Type (2018-2023) & (US$/Unit)
Table 33. Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Average Price by Type (2024-2029) & (US$/Unit)
Table 34. Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 35. Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Application (2024-2029) & (K Units)
Table 36. Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value by Application (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 37. Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value by Application (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 38. Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Average Price by Application (2018-2023) & (US$/Unit)
Table 39. Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Average Price by Application (2024-2029) & (US$/Unit)
Table 40. North America Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 41. North America Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Type (2024-2029) & (K Units)
Table 42. North America Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 43. North America Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Application (2024-2029) & (K Units)
Table 44. North America Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 45. North America Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Country (2024-2029) & (K Units)
Table 46. North America Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value by Country (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 47. North America Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value by Country (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 48. Europe Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 49. Europe Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Type (2024-2029) & (K Units)
Table 50. Europe Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 51. Europe Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Application (2024-2029) & (K Units)
Table 52. Europe Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 53. Europe Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Country (2024-2029) & (K Units)
Table 54. Europe Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value by Country (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 55. Europe Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value by Country (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 56. Asia-Pacific Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 57. Asia-Pacific Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Type (2024-2029) & (K Units)
Table 58. Asia-Pacific Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 59. Asia-Pacific Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Application (2024-2029) & (K Units)
Table 60. Asia-Pacific Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Region (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 61. Asia-Pacific Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Region (2024-2029) & (K Units)
Table 62. Asia-Pacific Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value by Region (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 63. Asia-Pacific Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value by Region (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 64. South America Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 65. South America Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Type (2024-2029) & (K Units)
Table 66. South America Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 67. South America Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Application (2024-2029) & (K Units)
Table 68. South America Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 69. South America Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Country (2024-2029) & (K Units)
Table 70. South America Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value by Country (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 71. South America Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value by Country (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 72. Middle East & Africa Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 73. Middle East & Africa Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Type (2024-2029) & (K Units)
Table 74. Middle East & Africa Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 75. Middle East & Africa Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Application (2024-2029) & (K Units)
Table 76. Middle East & Africa Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Region (2018-2023) & (K Units)
Table 77. Middle East & Africa Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity by Region (2024-2029) & (K Units)
Table 78. Middle East & Africa Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value by Region (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 79. Middle East & Africa Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value by Region (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 80. Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Raw Material
Table 81. Key Manufacturers of Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Raw Materials
Table 82. Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Typical Distributors
Table 83. Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Typical Customers
List of Figures
Figure 1. Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Picture
Figure 2. Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value by Type, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029
Figure 3. Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value Market Share by Type in 2022
Figure 4. Frequency 10 MHZ Examples
Figure 5. Frequency 20 MHZ Examples
Figure 6. Frequency 30 MHZ Examples
Figure 7. Others Examples
Figure 8. Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value by Application, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029
Figure 9. Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value Market Share by Application in 2022
Figure 10. Hospital Examples
Figure 11. Clinic Examples
Figure 12. Others Examples
Figure 13. Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value, (USD Million): 2018 & 2022 & 2029
Figure 14. Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value and Forecast (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 15. Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity (2018-2029) & (K Units)
Figure 16. Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Average Price (2018-2029) & (US$/Unit)
Figure 17. Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity Market Share by Manufacturer in 2022
Figure 18. Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value Market Share by Manufacturer in 2022
Figure 19. Producer Shipments of Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter by Manufacturer Sales Quantity ($MM) and Market Share (%): 2021
Figure 20. Top 3 Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Manufacturer (Consumption Value) Market Share in 2022
Figure 21. Top 6 Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Manufacturer (Consumption Value) Market Share in 2022
Figure 22. Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity Market Share by Region (2018-2029)
Figure 23. Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value Market Share by Region (2018-2029)
Figure 24. North America Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 25. Europe Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 26. Asia-Pacific Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 27. South America Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 28. Middle East & Africa Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 29. Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
Figure 30. Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
Figure 31. Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Average Price by Type (2018-2029) & (US$/Unit)
Figure 32. Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
Figure 33. Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
Figure 34. Global Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Average Price by Application (2018-2029) & (US$/Unit)
Figure 35. North America Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
Figure 36. North America Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
Figure 37. North America Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity Market Share by Country (2018-2029)
Figure 38. North America Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value Market Share by Country (2018-2029)
Figure 39. United States Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 40. Canada Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 41. Mexico Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 42. Europe Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
Figure 43. Europe Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
Figure 44. Europe Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity Market Share by Country (2018-2029)
Figure 45. Europe Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value Market Share by Country (2018-2029)
Figure 46. Germany Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 47. France Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 48. United Kingdom Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 49. Russia Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 50. Italy Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 51. Asia-Pacific Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
Figure 52. Asia-Pacific Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
Figure 53. Asia-Pacific Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity Market Share by Region (2018-2029)
Figure 54. Asia-Pacific Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value Market Share by Region (2018-2029)
Figure 55. China Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 56. Japan Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 57. Korea Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 58. India Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 59. Southeast Asia Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 60. Australia Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 61. South America Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
Figure 62. South America Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
Figure 63. South America Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity Market Share by Country (2018-2029)
Figure 64. South America Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value Market Share by Country (2018-2029)
Figure 65. Brazil Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 66. Argentina Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 67. Middle East & Africa Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
Figure 68. Middle East & Africa Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
Figure 69. Middle East & Africa Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Sales Quantity Market Share by Region (2018-2029)
Figure 70. Middle East & Africa Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value Market Share by Region (2018-2029)
Figure 71. Turkey Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 72. Egypt Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 73. Saudi Arabia Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 74. South Africa Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 75. Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Market Drivers
Figure 76. Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Market Restraints
Figure 77. Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Market Trends
Figure 78. Porters Five Forces Analysis
Figure 79. Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter in 2022
Figure 80. Manufacturing Process Analysis of Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter
Figure 81. Peripheral Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS) Catheter Industrial Chain
Figure 82. Sales Quantity Channel: Direct to End-User vs Distributors
Figure 83. Direct Channel Pros & Cons
Figure 84. Indirect Channel Pros & Cons
Figure 85. Methodology
Figure 86. Research Process and Data Source
