Medical Needles Market Research Report from 2023 forecast to 2029, by Manufacturers, Regions, Type and Application

The global Medical Needles market size was valued at USD 6530.6 million in 2022 and is forecast to a readjusted size of USD 8549.8 million by 2029 with a CAGR of 3.9% during review period.

Needles are a common device used for medical applications. In this report, we will collect products of flowing: Insulin Pen Needles, Suture Needle, Hypodermic Needle, Ophthalmic Needle, Dental Needle and others.

The classification of Medical Needles includes Insulin Pen Needles, Suture Needle, Hypodermic Needle, Ophthalmic Needle, Dental Needle and others, and the sales proportion of Hypodermic Needle in 2019 is about 76.5%. And the sale proportion of Insulin Pen Needles in 2019 is 11.16%.

Medical Needles is widely used in Hospital, Clinics and Other. The most proportion of Medical Needles is Hospital, and the proportion in 2019 is about 50%. Asia Pacific is the largest consumption place, with a consumption market share nearly 36.83 in 2019. Following Asia Pacific, Europe is the second largest consumption place with the consumption market share of 28.12%.

Market competition is intense. BD, Johnson & Johnson, Novo Nordisk, Nipro, WEGO, Terumo, B.Braun, Smiths Medical, etc. are the leaders of the industry, and they hold key technologies and patents, with high-end customers.

This report is a detailed and comprehensive analysis for global Medical Needles market. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses are presented by manufacturers, by region & country, by Type and by Application. As the market is constantly changing, this report explores the competition, supply and demand trends, as well as key factors that contribute to its changing demands across many markets. Company profiles and product examples of selected competitors, along with market share estimates of some of the selected leaders for the year 2023, are provided.

Key Features:

Global Medical Needles market size and forecasts, in consumption value ($ Million), sales quantity (Million Units), and average selling prices (US$/K Unit), 2018-2029
Global Medical Needles market size and forecasts by region and country, in consumption value ($ Million), sales quantity (Million Units), and average selling prices (US$/K Unit), 2018-2029
Global Medical Needles market size and forecasts, by Type and by Application, in consumption value ($ Million), sales quantity (Million Units), and average selling prices (US$/K Unit), 2018-2029
Global Medical Needles market shares of main players, shipments in revenue ($ Million), sales quantity (Million Units), and ASP (US$/K Unit), 2018-2023

The Primary Objectives in This Report Are:

To determine the size of the total market opportunity of global and key countries
To assess the growth potential for Medical Needles
To forecast future growth in each product and end-use market
To assess competitive factors affecting the marketplace

This report profiles key players in the global Medical Needles market based on the following parameters - company overview, production, value, price, gross margin, product portfolio, geographical presence, and key developments.

This report also provides key insights about market drivers, restraints, opportunities, new product launches or approvals, COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine War Influence.

   BD
   Johnson & Johnson
   Novo Nordisk
   Nipro
   WEGO
   Terumo
   B.Braun
   Smiths Medical
   Medtronic
   Ypsomed
   Teleflex
   MTD
   Smith & Nephew
   Cardinal Health

   Insulin Pen Needles
   Suture Needle
   Hypodermic Needle
   Ophthalmic Needle
   Dental Needle
   Others

   Hospital
   Clinic
   ASCs

   North America (United States, Canada and Mexico)
   Europe (Germany, France, United Kingdom, Russia, Italy, and Rest of Europe)
   Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India, Southeast Asia, and Australia)
   South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, and Rest of South America)
   Middle East & Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, South Africa, and Rest of Middle East & Africa)

What are the strengths of the Medical Needles Market in 2025?

The medical needles market is expected to experience strong growth due to technological advancements, such as needle-less injectors, and innovations in safety mechanisms. The increasing demand for precision and minimally invasive procedures will further drive the market. There’s also a rising demand from the global healthcare industry, with more medical procedures requiring the use of needles.

What are the weaknesses of the Medical Needles Market in 2025?

A major weakness is the potential for regulatory challenges, as new products need to meet stringent safety standards. Also, the high cost of advanced needle technologies might limit their adoption in developing regions. The market still faces concerns related to needle disposal and the risk of infections from improper use.

What opportunities are present for the Medical Needles Market in 2025?

With the growing prevalence of chronic diseases, such as diabetes and cancer, there is a greater demand for self-injection devices and insulin delivery systems. The rise of home healthcare is another opportunity, as patients increasingly manage their health at home. Additionally, emerging markets in Asia-Pacific and Latin America offer untapped potential for growth.

What are the threats to the Medical Needles Market in 2025?

Rising concerns about needle-stick injuries and the transmission of infectious diseases pose a significant threat to the market. Economic fluctuations could also affect healthcare spending, which may reduce the demand for advanced needle technologies. Furthermore, competition from alternative drug delivery systems, such as oral medications or transdermal patches, could hinder market growth.

How do political factors affect the Medical Needles Market in 2025?

Political factors, such as healthcare policies and government regulations on medical devices, significantly influence the market. Stricter regulations for safety and sterilization standards can increase the cost of production but also improve product quality. Government funding for healthcare programs and initiatives can stimulate demand, especially in public health sectors.

How do economic factors impact the Medical Needles Market in 2025?

Economic factors, including healthcare spending and income levels, can impact the affordability and adoption of medical needles. In developed economies, higher disposable income and advanced healthcare systems support the growth of specialized needle technologies. Conversely, in emerging markets, economic constraints may limit access to advanced products, favoring more affordable and basic needle solutions.

How do social factors influence the Medical Needles Market in 2025?

Social factors, such as an aging population and increased awareness of chronic diseases like diabetes, create a greater demand for medical needles. There’s also a growing trend toward self-care and home healthcare, with patients preferring more convenient solutions like self-injection devices, which drives market growth. Cultural attitudes toward medical procedures can also shape needle use and acceptance.

How do technological factors affect the Medical Needles Market in 2025?

Technological advancements in needle design, such as safety-engineered and needle-less injectors, are key drivers for market growth. Innovations in precision medicine and minimally invasive treatments further encourage the use of specialized needles. The development of smart needles for real-time data collection and integration with digital health systems is another significant opportunity for the market.

How do environmental factors impact the Medical Needles Market in 2025?

Environmental concerns related to needle disposal and waste management are increasingly influencing the market. Stricter regulations regarding the disposal of medical waste may push manufacturers toward developing eco-friendly, recyclable, or biodegradable needles. Growing awareness of sustainability could lead to the rise of more environmentally responsible needle production processes.

How do legal factors influence the Medical Needles Market in 2025?

Legal factors, such as the implementation of product safety standards and intellectual property laws, play a crucial role in shaping the medical needles market. Stringent product certification requirements can slow down the introduction of new technologies but also ensure consumer safety. Patent protections for innovative needle designs provide companies with a competitive edge, but legal disputes over patents could delay product launches.

Who are the suppliers in the Medical Needles Market in 2025?

Suppliers in the medical needles market include manufacturers of raw materials like stainless steel, plastics, and silicon, as well as suppliers of advanced technologies such as safety-engineered components and automated machinery for needle production. Raw material suppliers and technology developers play a critical role in ensuring the production of high-quality medical needles.

Who are the inputs for the Medical Needles Market in 2025?

The key inputs for the medical needles market include raw materials (e.g., stainless steel for the needle shafts, plastics for syringes, and safety components), technological innovations (such as needle safety features and needle-less injectors), and research and development for product improvement. Regulatory guidelines and industry standards also influence the inputs to ensure product safety and efficacy.

What are the processes involved in the Medical Needles Market in 2025?

The processes in the medical needles market include design and development, manufacturing, quality control, packaging, and distribution. These processes are highly regulated, requiring strict adherence to safety standards and ensuring that each needle is free from contamination. Technological integration into the manufacturing process is essential to improve product functionality and safety.

Who are the customers in the Medical Needles Market in 2025?

Customers in the medical needles market include hospitals, clinics, pharmaceutical companies, and individual consumers who require needles for self-administration of medications. There is also growing demand from healthcare providers in home care settings and specialty clinics dealing with chronic conditions like diabetes, where self-injection is common.

What are the outputs of the Medical Needles Market in 2025?

The outputs of the medical needles market are a wide range of needle products, including hypodermic needles, insulin needles, safety-engineered needles, and advanced needle systems for various medical procedures. These products are distributed globally, meeting the needs of healthcare providers and patients across different treatment settings.

How does the threat of new entrants impact the Medical Needles Market in 2025?

The threat of new entrants is moderate in the medical needles market due to high barriers to entry, such as strict regulatory standards, capital-intensive manufacturing processes, and the need for specialized knowledge. However, innovation in needle technology and the growing demand for minimally invasive solutions could attract new players, especially smaller companies focusing on niche products like safety-engineered or needle-less injectors.

How does the bargaining power of suppliers affect the Medical Needles Market in 2025?

The bargaining power of suppliers is moderate to high due to the need for high-quality materials, such as stainless steel and specialized plastics, for manufacturing medical needles. Additionally, the growing demand for advanced technologies, like safety features and smart needles, means that suppliers with specialized capabilities can exert more influence on pricing and production timelines. However, the market also benefits from multiple suppliers offering these materials and technologies.

How does the bargaining power of buyers impact the Medical Needles Market in 2025?

The bargaining power of buyers is moderate in the medical needles market. While individual consumers and healthcare providers may have limited power in negotiating prices for basic needles, large hospitals, clinics, and pharmaceutical companies can negotiate for better pricing on bulk orders. The increasing focus on safety, reliability, and technological innovation in needles also gives buyers more options to choose from, further influencing purchasing decisions.

How does the threat of substitute products affect the Medical Needles Market in 2025?

The threat of substitute products is moderate. Alternatives like oral medications, transdermal patches, or injection-free drug delivery systems are gaining traction, especially with technological advancements in non-invasive treatments. However, for many conditions such as diabetes, needles remain the most effective and preferred method of medication delivery, keeping the threat of substitutes in check for now.

How does industry rivalry affect the Medical Needles Market in 2025?

Industry rivalry in the medical needles market is moderate to high, driven by competition among key players offering both basic and advanced needle solutions. Companies compete on product innovation, safety features, and cost-efficiency. As demand for more specialized products like smart needles and needle-free injectors increases, firms are continuously investing in research and development to differentiate themselves and maintain market share.

What are the key raw materials for the Medical Needles Market in 2025?

The key raw materials for the medical needles market include stainless steel, which is used for needle shafts, plastics and rubber for syringe bodies and safety components, and silicon for coating to ensure smooth injections. Additionally, materials for needle safety mechanisms, such as specialized plastics for retractable needles, are critical inputs.

What are the main suppliers for the Medical Needles Market in 2025?

Main suppliers include raw material producers like steel mills and plastic manufacturers, as well as specialized companies providing advanced technologies such as needle safety components and innovative injection systems. Suppliers of automation equipment for mass manufacturing also play a key role in ensuring cost-effective production and scalability.

How do technological advancements affect the upstream factors of the Medical Needles Market in 2025?

Technological advancements significantly impact upstream factors by driving the demand for new, specialized materials that support innovations like safety-engineered needles, needle-free injectors, and smart needles. This creates a need for more sophisticated suppliers who can provide high-performance materials and technologies that meet the evolving requirements of medical needle manufacturers.

What are the regulatory influences on the upstream supply chain of the Medical Needles Market in 2025?

Regulatory influences play a significant role in the upstream supply chain, as medical needles must adhere to strict safety, sterilization, and quality standards. Manufacturers must source materials and components that meet these regulations, which often requires working with certified suppliers and ensuring compliance with international and local health authorities. Compliance with regulations can also increase costs and lead times for production.

How do cost fluctuations impact the upstream factors in the Medical Needles Market in 2025?

Cost fluctuations, particularly in raw materials like steel and plastics, can impact the overall cost structure of the medical needles market. For example, a rise in the price of stainless steel due to global supply chain disruptions or increased demand can affect production costs. Additionally, changes in labor costs and transportation expenses can further influence the supply chain, impacting manufacturers’ pricing and margins.

What are the key manufacturing processes in the Medical Needles Market in 2025?

The key manufacturing processes for medical needles include precision engineering for needle sharpening and coating, automated assembly for syringe bodies and needle attachment, and sterilization processes to ensure product safety. Additionally, safety features, such as retractable or safety-engineered needles, require specialized manufacturing steps to integrate these innovations effectively.

How does quality control impact the Midstream of the Medical Needles Market in 2025?

Quality control is crucial in the midstream of the medical needles market. Stringent testing for sterility, durability, and safety standards ensures that needles meet regulatory requirements. It also involves inspecting materials for defects, verifying precision in needle tips, and ensuring the overall integrity of the product. Quality assurance directly impacts market reputation and consumer trust.

What are the distribution channels for the Medical Needles Market in 2025?

Distribution channels for medical needles include direct sales to hospitals and healthcare providers, partnerships with pharmaceutical companies, and third-party distributors who supply to clinics, pharmacies, and homecare providers. E-commerce platforms are also growing, offering an alternative for direct-to-consumer sales, especially for self-injection products.

How does innovation impact the Midstream of the Medical Needles Market in 2025?

Innovation plays a key role in the midstream by driving the development of more specialized and efficient needle designs, such as smart needles or needle-free injectors. Manufacturers are increasingly investing in R&D to create more user-friendly products and improve safety features, which in turn influences the production processes and manufacturing timelines. Additionally, new technologies require upskilling of workers and adjustments to manufacturing equipment.

What role do partnerships and collaborations play in the Midstream of the Medical Needles Market in 2025?

Partnerships and collaborations are becoming increasingly important in the midstream, as manufacturers work with technology firms to integrate new innovations like smart sensors or AI into needle products. Collaborations with research institutions also help in developing new needle technologies. Such partnerships allow companies to pool resources, share expertise, and accelerate time-to-market for innovative products.

What are the key customers in the Medical Needles Market in 2025?

The key customers in the medical needles market include hospitals, clinics, and healthcare providers, as well as pharmaceutical companies that require needles for drug delivery. Additionally, individual patients, especially those with chronic conditions like diabetes, are a growing segment, particularly for home care and self-injection devices.

How does customer demand impact the downstream factors in the Medical Needles Market in 2025?

Customer demand significantly influences downstream factors such as product innovation and distribution strategies. There is an increasing demand for needles with advanced safety features, minimal pain, and ease of use, driving manufacturers to invest in these areas. Additionally, the demand for homecare products is rising, prompting more efficient supply chains and expanded distribution networks.

What role do healthcare providers play in the downstream of the Medical Needles Market in 2025?

Healthcare providers are critical downstream players as they directly influence the adoption of medical needles by patients. They decide on the types of needles used in treatment protocols and influence purchasing decisions, especially for specialized needles like those for insulin delivery or cancer treatments. Their preferences for safety, cost, and efficacy shape the product offerings in the market.

How does pricing affect the downstream factors in the Medical Needles Market in 2025?

Pricing is a significant factor in the downstream dynamics, especially as healthcare providers and individual consumers seek affordable yet reliable solutions. Competitive pricing, along with value-added features like safety and ease of use, influences purchasing decisions. High-quality, innovative needles may command higher prices, but affordability remains a key factor in adoption, particularly in emerging markets.

What impact does regulatory compliance have on the downstream aspects of the Medical Needles Market in 2025?

Regulatory compliance plays a crucial role in the downstream segment by ensuring that products meet safety and quality standards required by healthcare authorities. This affects how products are marketed, distributed, and sold in different regions. Non-compliance can result in delays, recalls, or restrictions, which can negatively impact product availability and market penetration.

Chapter 1, to describe Medical Needles product scope, market overview, market estimation caveats and base year.
Chapter 2, to profile the top manufacturers of Medical Needles, with price, sales, revenue and global market share of Medical Needles from 2018 to 2023.
Chapter 3, the Medical Needles competitive situation, sales quantity, revenue and global market share of top manufacturers are analyzed emphatically by landscape contrast.
Chapter 4, the Medical Needles breakdown data are shown at the regional level, to show the sales quantity, consumption value and growth by regions, from 2018 to 2029.
Chapter 5 and 6, to segment the sales by Type and application, with sales market share and growth rate by type, application, from 2018 to 2029.
Chapter 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, to break the sales data at the country level, with sales quantity, consumption value and market share for key countries in the world, from 2017 to 2022.and Medical Needles market forecast, by regions, type and application, with sales and revenue, from 2024 to 2029.
Chapter 12, market dynamics, drivers, restraints, trends, Porters Five Forces analysis, and Influence of COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine War.
Chapter 13, the key raw materials and key suppliers, and industry chain of Medical Needles.
Chapter 14 and 15, to describe Medical Needles sales channel, distributors, customers, research findings and conclusion.

1 Market Overview

   1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Medical Needles
   1.2 Market Estimation Caveats and Base Year
   1.3 Market Analysis by Type
       1.3.1 Overview: Global Medical Needles Consumption Value by Type: 2018 Versus 2022 Versus 2029
       1.3.2 Insulin Pen Needles
       1.3.3 Suture Needle
       1.3.4 Hypodermic Needle
       1.3.5 Ophthalmic Needle
       1.3.6 Dental Needle
       1.3.7 Others
   1.4 Market Analysis by Application
       1.4.1 Overview: Global Medical Needles Consumption Value by Application: 2018 Versus 2022 Versus 2029
       1.4.2 Hospital
       1.4.3 Clinic
       1.4.4 ASCs
   1.5 Global Medical Needles Market Size & Forecast
       1.5.1 Global Medical Needles Consumption Value (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
       1.5.2 Global Medical Needles Sales Quantity (2018-2029)
       1.5.3 Global Medical Needles Average Price (2018-2029)

2 Manufacturers Profiles

   2.1 BD
       2.1.1 BD Details
       2.1.2 BD Major Business
       2.1.3 BD Medical Needles Product and Services
       2.1.4 BD Medical Needles Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
       2.1.5 BD Recent Developments/Updates
   2.2 Johnson & Johnson
       2.2.1 Johnson & Johnson Details
       2.2.2 Johnson & Johnson Major Business
       2.2.3 Johnson & Johnson Medical Needles Product and Services
       2.2.4 Johnson & Johnson Medical Needles Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
       2.2.5 Johnson & Johnson Recent Developments/Updates
   2.3 Novo Nordisk
       2.3.1 Novo Nordisk Details
       2.3.2 Novo Nordisk Major Business
       2.3.3 Novo Nordisk Medical Needles Product and Services
       2.3.4 Novo Nordisk Medical Needles Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
       2.3.5 Novo Nordisk Recent Developments/Updates
   2.4 Nipro
       2.4.1 Nipro Details
       2.4.2 Nipro Major Business
       2.4.3 Nipro Medical Needles Product and Services
       2.4.4 Nipro Medical Needles Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
       2.4.5 Nipro Recent Developments/Updates
   2.5 WEGO
       2.5.1 WEGO Details
       2.5.2 WEGO Major Business
       2.5.3 WEGO Medical Needles Product and Services
       2.5.4 WEGO Medical Needles Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
       2.5.5 WEGO Recent Developments/Updates
   2.6 Terumo
       2.6.1 Terumo Details
       2.6.2 Terumo Major Business
       2.6.3 Terumo Medical Needles Product and Services
       2.6.4 Terumo Medical Needles Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
       2.6.5 Terumo Recent Developments/Updates
   2.7 B.Braun
       2.7.1 B.Braun Details
       2.7.2 B.Braun Major Business
       2.7.3 B.Braun Medical Needles Product and Services
       2.7.4 B.Braun Medical Needles Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
       2.7.5 B.Braun Recent Developments/Updates
   2.8 Smiths Medical
       2.8.1 Smiths Medical Details
       2.8.2 Smiths Medical Major Business
       2.8.3 Smiths Medical Medical Needles Product and Services
       2.8.4 Smiths Medical Medical Needles Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
       2.8.5 Smiths Medical Recent Developments/Updates
   2.9 Medtronic
       2.9.1 Medtronic Details
       2.9.2 Medtronic Major Business
       2.9.3 Medtronic Medical Needles Product and Services
       2.9.4 Medtronic Medical Needles Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
       2.9.5 Medtronic Recent Developments/Updates
   2.10 Ypsomed
       2.10.1 Ypsomed Details
       2.10.2 Ypsomed Major Business
       2.10.3 Ypsomed Medical Needles Product and Services
       2.10.4 Ypsomed Medical Needles Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
       2.10.5 Ypsomed Recent Developments/Updates
   2.11 Teleflex
       2.11.1 Teleflex Details
       2.11.2 Teleflex Major Business
       2.11.3 Teleflex Medical Needles Product and Services
       2.11.4 Teleflex Medical Needles Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
       2.11.5 Teleflex Recent Developments/Updates
   2.12 MTD
       2.12.1 MTD Details
       2.12.2 MTD Major Business
       2.12.3 MTD Medical Needles Product and Services
       2.12.4 MTD Medical Needles Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
       2.12.5 MTD Recent Developments/Updates
   2.13 Smith & Nephew
       2.13.1 Smith & Nephew Details
       2.13.2 Smith & Nephew Major Business
       2.13.3 Smith & Nephew Medical Needles Product and Services
       2.13.4 Smith & Nephew Medical Needles Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
       2.13.5 Smith & Nephew Recent Developments/Updates
   2.14 Cardinal Health
       2.14.1 Cardinal Health Details
       2.14.2 Cardinal Health Major Business
       2.14.3 Cardinal Health Medical Needles Product and Services
       2.14.4 Cardinal Health Medical Needles Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
       2.14.5 Cardinal Health Recent Developments/Updates

3 Competitive Environment: Medical Needles by Manufacturer

   3.1 Global Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
   3.2 Global Medical Needles Revenue by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
   3.3 Global Medical Needles Average Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
   3.4 Market Share Analysis (2022)
       3.4.1 Producer Shipments of Medical Needles by Manufacturer Revenue ($MM) and Market Share (%): 2022
       3.4.2 Top 3 Medical Needles Manufacturer Market Share in 2022
       3.4.2 Top 6 Medical Needles Manufacturer Market Share in 2022
   3.5 Medical Needles Market: Overall Company Footprint Analysis
       3.5.1 Medical Needles Market: Region Footprint
       3.5.2 Medical Needles Market: Company Product Type Footprint
       3.5.3 Medical Needles Market: Company Product Application Footprint
   3.6 New Market Entrants and Barriers to Market Entry
   3.7 Mergers, Acquisition, Agreements, and Collaborations

4 Consumption Analysis by Region

   4.1 Global Medical Needles Market Size by Region
       4.1.1 Global Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Region (2018-2029)
       4.1.2 Global Medical Needles Consumption Value by Region (2018-2029)
       4.1.3 Global Medical Needles Average Price by Region (2018-2029)
   4.2 North America Medical Needles Consumption Value (2018-2029)
   4.3 Europe Medical Needles Consumption Value (2018-2029)
   4.4 Asia-Pacific Medical Needles Consumption Value (2018-2029)
   4.5 South America Medical Needles Consumption Value (2018-2029)
   4.6 Middle East and Africa Medical Needles Consumption Value (2018-2029)

5 Market Segment by Type

   5.1 Global Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
   5.2 Global Medical Needles Consumption Value by Type (2018-2029)
   5.3 Global Medical Needles Average Price by Type (2018-2029)

6 Market Segment by Application

   6.1 Global Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
   6.2 Global Medical Needles Consumption Value by Application (2018-2029)
   6.3 Global Medical Needles Average Price by Application (2018-2029)

7 North America

   7.1 North America Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
   7.2 North America Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
   7.3 North America Medical Needles Market Size by Country
       7.3.1 North America Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2029)
       7.3.2 North America Medical Needles Consumption Value by Country (2018-2029)
       7.3.3 United States Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
       7.3.4 Canada Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
       7.3.5 Mexico Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)

8 Europe

   8.1 Europe Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
   8.2 Europe Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
   8.3 Europe Medical Needles Market Size by Country
       8.3.1 Europe Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2029)
       8.3.2 Europe Medical Needles Consumption Value by Country (2018-2029)
       8.3.3 Germany Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
       8.3.4 France Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
       8.3.5 United Kingdom Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
       8.3.6 Russia Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
       8.3.7 Italy Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)

9 Asia-Pacific

   9.1 Asia-Pacific Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
   9.2 Asia-Pacific Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
   9.3 Asia-Pacific Medical Needles Market Size by Region
       9.3.1 Asia-Pacific Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Region (2018-2029)
       9.3.2 Asia-Pacific Medical Needles Consumption Value by Region (2018-2029)
       9.3.3 China Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
       9.3.4 Japan Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
       9.3.5 Korea Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
       9.3.6 India Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
       9.3.7 Southeast Asia Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
       9.3.8 Australia Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)

10 South America

   10.1 South America Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
   10.2 South America Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
   10.3 South America Medical Needles Market Size by Country
       10.3.1 South America Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2029)
       10.3.2 South America Medical Needles Consumption Value by Country (2018-2029)
       10.3.3 Brazil Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
       10.3.4 Argentina Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)

11 Middle East & Africa

   11.1 Middle East & Africa Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
   11.2 Middle East & Africa Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
   11.3 Middle East & Africa Medical Needles Market Size by Country
       11.3.1 Middle East & Africa Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2029)
       11.3.2 Middle East & Africa Medical Needles Consumption Value by Country (2018-2029)
       11.3.3 Turkey Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
       11.3.4 Egypt Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
       11.3.5 Saudi Arabia Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
       11.3.6 South Africa Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)

12 Market Dynamics

   12.1 Medical Needles Market Drivers
   12.2 Medical Needles Market Restraints
   12.3 Medical Needles Trends Analysis
   12.4 Porters Five Forces Analysis
       12.4.1 Threat of New Entrants
       12.4.2 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
       12.4.3 Bargaining Power of Buyers
       12.4.4 Threat of Substitutes
       12.4.5 Competitive Rivalry
   12.5 Influence of COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine War
       12.5.1 Influence of COVID-19
       12.5.2 Influence of Russia-Ukraine War

13 Raw Material and Industry Chain

   13.1 Raw Material of Medical Needles and Key Manufacturers
   13.2 Manufacturing Costs Percentage of Medical Needles
   13.3 Medical Needles Production Process
   13.4 Medical Needles Industrial Chain

14 Shipments by Distribution Channel

   14.1 Sales Channel
       14.1.1 Direct to End-User
       14.1.2 Distributors
   14.2 Medical Needles Typical Distributors
   14.3 Medical Needles Typical Customers

15 Research Findings and Conclusion

16 Appendix

   16.1 Methodology
   16.2 Research Process and Data Source
   16.3 Disclaimer

List of Tables

   Table 1. Global Medical Needles Consumption Value by Type, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029
   Table 2. Global Medical Needles Consumption Value by Application, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029
   Table 3. BD Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
   Table 4. BD Major Business
   Table 5. BD Medical Needles Product and Services
   Table 6. BD Medical Needles Sales Quantity (Million Units), Average Price (US$/K Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
   Table 7. BD Recent Developments/Updates
   Table 8. Johnson & Johnson Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
   Table 9. Johnson & Johnson Major Business
   Table 10. Johnson & Johnson Medical Needles Product and Services
   Table 11. Johnson & Johnson Medical Needles Sales Quantity (Million Units), Average Price (US$/K Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
   Table 12. Johnson & Johnson Recent Developments/Updates
   Table 13. Novo Nordisk Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
   Table 14. Novo Nordisk Major Business
   Table 15. Novo Nordisk Medical Needles Product and Services
   Table 16. Novo Nordisk Medical Needles Sales Quantity (Million Units), Average Price (US$/K Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
   Table 17. Novo Nordisk Recent Developments/Updates
   Table 18. Nipro Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
   Table 19. Nipro Major Business
   Table 20. Nipro Medical Needles Product and Services
   Table 21. Nipro Medical Needles Sales Quantity (Million Units), Average Price (US$/K Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
   Table 22. Nipro Recent Developments/Updates
   Table 23. WEGO Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
   Table 24. WEGO Major Business
   Table 25. WEGO Medical Needles Product and Services
   Table 26. WEGO Medical Needles Sales Quantity (Million Units), Average Price (US$/K Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
   Table 27. WEGO Recent Developments/Updates
   Table 28. Terumo Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
   Table 29. Terumo Major Business
   Table 30. Terumo Medical Needles Product and Services
   Table 31. Terumo Medical Needles Sales Quantity (Million Units), Average Price (US$/K Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
   Table 32. Terumo Recent Developments/Updates
   Table 33. B.Braun Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
   Table 34. B.Braun Major Business
   Table 35. B.Braun Medical Needles Product and Services
   Table 36. B.Braun Medical Needles Sales Quantity (Million Units), Average Price (US$/K Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
   Table 37. B.Braun Recent Developments/Updates
   Table 38. Smiths Medical Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
   Table 39. Smiths Medical Major Business
   Table 40. Smiths Medical Medical Needles Product and Services
   Table 41. Smiths Medical Medical Needles Sales Quantity (Million Units), Average Price (US$/K Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
   Table 42. Smiths Medical Recent Developments/Updates
   Table 43. Medtronic Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
   Table 44. Medtronic Major Business
   Table 45. Medtronic Medical Needles Product and Services
   Table 46. Medtronic Medical Needles Sales Quantity (Million Units), Average Price (US$/K Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
   Table 47. Medtronic Recent Developments/Updates
   Table 48. Ypsomed Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
   Table 49. Ypsomed Major Business
   Table 50. Ypsomed Medical Needles Product and Services
   Table 51. Ypsomed Medical Needles Sales Quantity (Million Units), Average Price (US$/K Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
   Table 52. Ypsomed Recent Developments/Updates
   Table 53. Teleflex Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
   Table 54. Teleflex Major Business
   Table 55. Teleflex Medical Needles Product and Services
   Table 56. Teleflex Medical Needles Sales Quantity (Million Units), Average Price (US$/K Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
   Table 57. Teleflex Recent Developments/Updates
   Table 58. MTD Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
   Table 59. MTD Major Business
   Table 60. MTD Medical Needles Product and Services
   Table 61. MTD Medical Needles Sales Quantity (Million Units), Average Price (US$/K Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
   Table 62. MTD Recent Developments/Updates
   Table 63. Smith & Nephew Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
   Table 64. Smith & Nephew Major Business
   Table 65. Smith & Nephew Medical Needles Product and Services
   Table 66. Smith & Nephew Medical Needles Sales Quantity (Million Units), Average Price (US$/K Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
   Table 67. Smith & Nephew Recent Developments/Updates
   Table 68. Cardinal Health Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
   Table 69. Cardinal Health Major Business
   Table 70. Cardinal Health Medical Needles Product and Services
   Table 71. Cardinal Health Medical Needles Sales Quantity (Million Units), Average Price (US$/K Unit), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
   Table 72. Cardinal Health Recent Developments/Updates
   Table 73. Global Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Manufacturer (2018-2023) & (Million Units)
   Table 74. Global Medical Needles Revenue by Manufacturer (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
   Table 75. Global Medical Needles Average Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023) & (US$/K Unit)
   Table 76. Market Position of Manufacturers in Medical Needles, (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3), Based on Consumption Value in 2022
   Table 77. Head Office and Medical Needles Production Site of Key Manufacturer
   Table 78. Medical Needles Market: Company Product Type Footprint
   Table 79. Medical Needles Market: Company Product Application Footprint
   Table 80. Medical Needles New Market Entrants and Barriers to Market Entry
   Table 81. Medical Needles Mergers, Acquisition, Agreements, and Collaborations
   Table 82. Global Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Region (2018-2023) & (Million Units)
   Table 83. Global Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Region (2024-2029) & (Million Units)
   Table 84. Global Medical Needles Consumption Value by Region (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
   Table 85. Global Medical Needles Consumption Value by Region (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
   Table 86. Global Medical Needles Average Price by Region (2018-2023) & (US$/K Unit)
   Table 87. Global Medical Needles Average Price by Region (2024-2029) & (US$/K Unit)
   Table 88. Global Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2023) & (Million Units)
   Table 89. Global Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Type (2024-2029) & (Million Units)
   Table 90. Global Medical Needles Consumption Value by Type (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
   Table 91. Global Medical Needles Consumption Value by Type (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
   Table 92. Global Medical Needles Average Price by Type (2018-2023) & (US$/K Unit)
   Table 93. Global Medical Needles Average Price by Type (2024-2029) & (US$/K Unit)
   Table 94. Global Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2023) & (Million Units)
   Table 95. Global Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Application (2024-2029) & (Million Units)
   Table 96. Global Medical Needles Consumption Value by Application (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
   Table 97. Global Medical Needles Consumption Value by Application (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
   Table 98. Global Medical Needles Average Price by Application (2018-2023) & (US$/K Unit)
   Table 99. Global Medical Needles Average Price by Application (2024-2029) & (US$/K Unit)
   Table 100. North America Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2023) & (Million Units)
   Table 101. North America Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Type (2024-2029) & (Million Units)
   Table 102. North America Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2023) & (Million Units)
   Table 103. North America Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Application (2024-2029) & (Million Units)
   Table 104. North America Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2023) & (Million Units)
   Table 105. North America Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Country (2024-2029) & (Million Units)
   Table 106. North America Medical Needles Consumption Value by Country (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
   Table 107. North America Medical Needles Consumption Value by Country (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
   Table 108. Europe Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2023) & (Million Units)
   Table 109. Europe Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Type (2024-2029) & (Million Units)
   Table 110. Europe Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2023) & (Million Units)
   Table 111. Europe Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Application (2024-2029) & (Million Units)
   Table 112. Europe Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2023) & (Million Units)
   Table 113. Europe Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Country (2024-2029) & (Million Units)
   Table 114. Europe Medical Needles Consumption Value by Country (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
   Table 115. Europe Medical Needles Consumption Value by Country (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
   Table 116. Asia-Pacific Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2023) & (Million Units)
   Table 117. Asia-Pacific Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Type (2024-2029) & (Million Units)
   Table 118. Asia-Pacific Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2023) & (Million Units)
   Table 119. Asia-Pacific Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Application (2024-2029) & (Million Units)
   Table 120. Asia-Pacific Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Region (2018-2023) & (Million Units)
   Table 121. Asia-Pacific Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Region (2024-2029) & (Million Units)
   Table 122. Asia-Pacific Medical Needles Consumption Value by Region (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
   Table 123. Asia-Pacific Medical Needles Consumption Value by Region (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
   Table 124. South America Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2023) & (Million Units)
   Table 125. South America Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Type (2024-2029) & (Million Units)
   Table 126. South America Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2023) & (Million Units)
   Table 127. South America Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Application (2024-2029) & (Million Units)
   Table 128. South America Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2023) & (Million Units)
   Table 129. South America Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Country (2024-2029) & (Million Units)
   Table 130. South America Medical Needles Consumption Value by Country (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
   Table 131. South America Medical Needles Consumption Value by Country (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
   Table 132. Middle East & Africa Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2023) & (Million Units)
   Table 133. Middle East & Africa Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Type (2024-2029) & (Million Units)
   Table 134. Middle East & Africa Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2023) & (Million Units)
   Table 135. Middle East & Africa Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Application (2024-2029) & (Million Units)
   Table 136. Middle East & Africa Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Region (2018-2023) & (Million Units)
   Table 137. Middle East & Africa Medical Needles Sales Quantity by Region (2024-2029) & (Million Units)
   Table 138. Middle East & Africa Medical Needles Consumption Value by Region (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
   Table 139. Middle East & Africa Medical Needles Consumption Value by Region (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
   Table 140. Medical Needles Raw Material
   Table 141. Key Manufacturers of Medical Needles Raw Materials
   Table 142. Medical Needles Typical Distributors
   Table 143. Medical Needles Typical Customers

List of Figures

   Figure 1. Medical Needles Picture
   Figure 2. Global Medical Needles Consumption Value by Type, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029
   Figure 3. Global Medical Needles Consumption Value Market Share by Type in 2022
   Figure 4. Insulin Pen Needles Examples
   Figure 5. Suture Needle Examples
   Figure 6. Hypodermic Needle Examples
   Figure 7. Ophthalmic Needle Examples
   Figure 8. Dental Needle Examples
   Figure 9. Others Examples
   Figure 10. Global Medical Needles Consumption Value by Application, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029
   Figure 11. Global Medical Needles Consumption Value Market Share by Application in 2022
   Figure 12. Hospital Examples
   Figure 13. Clinic Examples
   Figure 14. ASCs Examples
   Figure 15. Global Medical Needles Consumption Value, (USD Million): 2018 & 2022 & 2029
   Figure 16. Global Medical Needles Consumption Value and Forecast (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
   Figure 17. Global Medical Needles Sales Quantity (2018-2029) & (Million Units)
   Figure 18. Global Medical Needles Average Price (2018-2029) & (US$/K Unit)
   Figure 19. Global Medical Needles Sales Quantity Market Share by Manufacturer in 2022
   Figure 20. Global Medical Needles Consumption Value Market Share by Manufacturer in 2022
   Figure 21. Producer Shipments of Medical Needles by Manufacturer Sales Quantity ($MM) and Market Share (%): 2021
   Figure 22. Top 3 Medical Needles Manufacturer (Consumption Value) Market Share in 2022
   Figure 23. Top 6 Medical Needles Manufacturer (Consumption Value) Market Share in 2022
   Figure 24. Global Medical Needles Sales Quantity Market Share by Region (2018-2029)
   Figure 25. Global Medical Needles Consumption Value Market Share by Region (2018-2029)
   Figure 26. North America Medical Needles Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
   Figure 27. Europe Medical Needles Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
   Figure 28. Asia-Pacific Medical Needles Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
   Figure 29. South America Medical Needles Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
   Figure 30. Middle East & Africa Medical Needles Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
   Figure 31. Global Medical Needles Sales Quantity Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
   Figure 32. Global Medical Needles Consumption Value Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
   Figure 33. Global Medical Needles Average Price by Type (2018-2029) & (US$/K Unit)
   Figure 34. Global Medical Needles Sales Quantity Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
   Figure 35. Global Medical Needles Consumption Value Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
   Figure 36. Global Medical Needles Average Price by Application (2018-2029) & (US$/K Unit)
   Figure 37. North America Medical Needles Sales Quantity Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
   Figure 38. North America Medical Needles Sales Quantity Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
   Figure 39. North America Medical Needles Sales Quantity Market Share by Country (2018-2029)
   Figure 40. North America Medical Needles Consumption Value Market Share by Country (2018-2029)
   Figure 41. United States Medical Needles Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
   Figure 42. Canada Medical Needles Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
   Figure 43. Mexico Medical Needles Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
   Figure 44. Europe Medical Needles Sales Quantity Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
   Figure 45. Europe Medical Needles Sales Quantity Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
   Figure 46. Europe Medical Needles Sales Quantity Market Share by Country (2018-2029)
   Figure 47. Europe Medical Needles Consumption Value Market Share by Country (2018-2029)
   Figure 48. Germany Medical Needles Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
   Figure 49. France Medical Needles Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
   Figure 50. United Kingdom Medical Needles Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
   Figure 51. Russia Medical Needles Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
   Figure 52. Italy Medical Needles Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
   Figure 53. Asia-Pacific Medical Needles Sales Quantity Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
   Figure 54. Asia-Pacific Medical Needles Sales Quantity Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
   Figure 55. Asia-Pacific Medical Needles Sales Quantity Market Share by Region (2018-2029)
   Figure 56. Asia-Pacific Medical Needles Consumption Value Market Share by Region (2018-2029)
   Figure 57. China Medical Needles Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
   Figure 58. Japan Medical Needles Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
   Figure 59. Korea Medical Needles Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
   Figure 60. India Medical Needles Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
   Figure 61. Southeast Asia Medical Needles Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
   Figure 62. Australia Medical Needles Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
   Figure 63. South America Medical Needles Sales Quantity Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
   Figure 64. South America Medical Needles Sales Quantity Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
   Figure 65. South America Medical Needles Sales Quantity Market Share by Country (2018-2029)
   Figure 66. South America Medical Needles Consumption Value Market Share by Country (2018-2029)
   Figure 67. Brazil Medical Needles Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
   Figure 68. Argentina Medical Needles Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
   Figure 69. Middle East & Africa Medical Needles Sales Quantity Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
   Figure 70. Middle East & Africa Medical Needles Sales Quantity Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
   Figure 71. Middle East & Africa Medical Needles Sales Quantity Market Share by Region (2018-2029)
   Figure 72. Middle East & Africa Medical Needles Consumption Value Market Share by Region (2018-2029)
   Figure 73. Turkey Medical Needles Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
   Figure 74. Egypt Medical Needles Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
   Figure 75. Saudi Arabia Medical Needles Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
   Figure 76. South Africa Medical Needles Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
   Figure 77. Medical Needles Market Drivers
   Figure 78. Medical Needles Market Restraints
   Figure 79. Medical Needles Market Trends
   Figure 80. Porters Five Forces Analysis
   Figure 81. Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Medical Needles in 2022
   Figure 82. Manufacturing Process Analysis of Medical Needles
   Figure 83. Medical Needles Industrial Chain
   Figure 84. Sales Quantity Channel: Direct to End-User vs Distributors
   Figure 85. Direct Channel Pros & Cons
   Figure 86. Indirect Channel Pros & Cons
   Figure 87. Methodology
   Figure 88. Research Process and Data Source