The global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Market size was valued at USD 657.1 million in 2022 and is forecast to a readjusted size of USD 827.5 million by 2029 with a CAGR of 3.3% during review period.
Bulk Molding Compound (BMC) is a thermoset plastic resin blend of various inert fillers, fiber reinforcement, catalysts, stabilizers, and pigments that form a viscous, 'puttylike' injection molding compound. Bulk molding compound is highly filled and reinforced with short fibers. Typical applications include demanding electrical applications, corrosion resistant needs, appliance, automotive, and transit.
The top five manufacturers of bulk molding compounds (BMC) worldwide are IDI, Toray Advanced Composites, SDK, Polynt, and Mar-BAL, which possess over 40% of the global market share. Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) are mainly classified into the following types: General BMC, Electrical BMC and Others. General BMC is the most widely used type which takes up about 50 % of the total sales. Bulk molding compounds (BMC) have wide range of applications, such as electrical industry, automotive industry, etc. And automotive industry was the most widely used area which took up about 40% of the global total.
This report is a detailed and comprehensive analysis for global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) market. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses are presented by manufacturers, by region & country, by Type and by Application. As the market is constantly changing, this report explores the competition, supply and demand trends, as well as key factors that contribute to its changing demands across many markets. Company profiles and product examples of selected competitors, along with market share estimates of some of the selected leaders for the year 2023, are provided.
Key Features:
- Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) market size and forecasts, in consumption value ($ Million), sales quantity (MT), and average selling prices (US$/MT), 2018-2029.
- Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) market size and forecasts by region and country, in consumption value ($ Million), sales quantity (MT), and average selling prices (US$/MT), 2018-2029.
- Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) market size and forecasts, by Type and by Application, in consumption value ($ Million), sales quantity (MT), and average selling prices (US$/MT), 2018-2029.
- Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) market shares of main players, shipments in revenue ($ Million), sales quantity (MT), and ASP (US$/MT), 2018-2023.
The Primary Objectives in This Report Are:
- To determine the size of the total market opportunity of global and key countries.
- To assess the growth potential for Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC).
- To forecast future growth in each product and end-use market.
- To assess competitive factors affecting the marketplace.
This report profiles key players in the global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) market based on the following parameters - company overview, production, value, price, gross margin, product portfolio, geographical presence, and key developments.
This report also provides key insights about market drivers, restraints, opportunities, new product launches or approvals, COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine War Influence.
- IDI
- SDK
- Lorenz
- Polynt
- Huayuan Group
- Mar-Bal
- Yueqing SMC&BMC
- Polmix
- Changzhou Fonda
- Kyocera
- Jiangshi Composite
- Jinchuangyi Electric
- Astar
- Cuyahoga Plastics
- CME
- Shimada
- Wah Hong Ind
- Toray Advanced Composites
- Retterbush Fiberglass Corporation
- Beijing Red Sun Composite Material
- Utek Composite
- General BMC
- Electrical BMC
- Others BMC
- Electrical Industry
- Automotive Industry
- Others
- North America (United States, Canada and Mexico)
- Europe (Germany, France, United Kingdom, Russia, Italy, and Rest of Europe)
- Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India, Southeast Asia, and Australia)
- South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, and Rest of South America)
- Middle East & Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt, South Africa, and Rest of Middle East & Africa)
Chapter 1, to describe Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) product scope, market overview, market estimation caveats and base year.
Chapter 2, to profile the top manufacturers of Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC), with price, sales, revenue and global market share of Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) from 2018 to 2023.
Chapter 3, the Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) competitive situation, sales quantity, revenue and global market share of top manufacturers are analyzed emphatically by landscape contrast.
Chapter 4, the Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) breakdown data are shown at the regional level, to show the sales quantity, consumption value and growth by regions, from 2018 to 2029.
Chapter 5 and 6, to segment the sales by Type and application, with sales market share and growth rate by type, application, from 2018 to 2029.
Chapter 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, to break the sales data at the country level, with sales quantity, consumption value and market share for key countries in the world, from 2017 to 2022.and Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) market forecast, by regions, type and application, with sales and revenue, from 2024 to 2029.
Chapter 12, market dynamics, drivers, restraints, trends, Porters Five Forces analysis, and Influence of COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine War.
Chapter 13, the key raw materials and key suppliers, and industry chain of Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC).
Chapter 14 and 15, to describe Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) sales channel, distributors, customers, research findings and conclusion.
1 Market Overview
1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC)
1.2 Market Estimation Caveats and Base Year
1.3 Market Analysis by Type
1.3.1 Overview: Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value by Type: 2018 Versus 2022 Versus 2029
1.3.2 General BMC
1.3.3 Electrical BMC
1.3.4 Others BMC
1.4 Market Analysis by Application
1.4.1 Overview: Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value by Application: 2018 Versus 2022 Versus 2029
1.4.2 Electrical Industry
1.4.3 Automotive Industry
1.4.4 Others
1.5 Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Market Size & Forecast
1.5.1 Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value (2018 & 2022 & 2029)
1.5.2 Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity (2018-2029)
1.5.3 Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Average Price (2018-2029)
2 Manufacturers Profiles
2.1 IDI
2.1.1 IDI Details
2.1.2 IDI Major Business
2.1.3 IDI Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Product and Services
2.1.4 IDI Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.1.5 IDI Recent Developments/Updates
2.2 SDK
2.2.1 SDK Details
2.2.2 SDK Major Business
2.2.3 SDK Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Product and Services
2.2.4 SDK Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.2.5 SDK Recent Developments/Updates
2.3 Lorenz
2.3.1 Lorenz Details
2.3.2 Lorenz Major Business
2.3.3 Lorenz Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Product and Services
2.3.4 Lorenz Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.3.5 Lorenz Recent Developments/Updates
2.4 Polynt
2.4.1 Polynt Details
2.4.2 Polynt Major Business
2.4.3 Polynt Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Product and Services
2.4.4 Polynt Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.4.5 Polynt Recent Developments/Updates
2.5 Huayuan Group
2.5.1 Huayuan Group Details
2.5.2 Huayuan Group Major Business
2.5.3 Huayuan Group Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Product and Services
2.5.4 Huayuan Group Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.5.5 Huayuan Group Recent Developments/Updates
2.6 Mar-Bal
2.6.1 Mar-Bal Details
2.6.2 Mar-Bal Major Business
2.6.3 Mar-Bal Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Product and Services
2.6.4 Mar-Bal Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.6.5 Mar-Bal Recent Developments/Updates
2.7 Yueqing SMC&BMC
2.7.1 Yueqing SMC&BMC Details
2.7.2 Yueqing SMC&BMC Major Business
2.7.3 Yueqing SMC&BMC Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Product and Services
2.7.4 Yueqing SMC&BMC Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.7.5 Yueqing SMC&BMC Recent Developments/Updates
2.8 Polmix
2.8.1 Polmix Details
2.8.2 Polmix Major Business
2.8.3 Polmix Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Product and Services
2.8.4 Polmix Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.8.5 Polmix Recent Developments/Updates
2.9 Changzhou Fonda
2.9.1 Changzhou Fonda Details
2.9.2 Changzhou Fonda Major Business
2.9.3 Changzhou Fonda Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Product and Services
2.9.4 Changzhou Fonda Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.9.5 Changzhou Fonda Recent Developments/Updates
2.10 Kyocera
2.10.1 Kyocera Details
2.10.2 Kyocera Major Business
2.10.3 Kyocera Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Product and Services
2.10.4 Kyocera Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.10.5 Kyocera Recent Developments/Updates
2.11 Jiangshi Composite
2.11.1 Jiangshi Composite Details
2.11.2 Jiangshi Composite Major Business
2.11.3 Jiangshi Composite Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Product and Services
2.11.4 Jiangshi Composite Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.11.5 Jiangshi Composite Recent Developments/Updates
2.12 Jinchuangyi Electric
2.12.1 Jinchuangyi Electric Details
2.12.2 Jinchuangyi Electric Major Business
2.12.3 Jinchuangyi Electric Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Product and Services
2.12.4 Jinchuangyi Electric Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.12.5 Jinchuangyi Electric Recent Developments/Updates
2.13 Astar
2.13.1 Astar Details
2.13.2 Astar Major Business
2.13.3 Astar Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Product and Services
2.13.4 Astar Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.13.5 Astar Recent Developments/Updates
2.14 Cuyahoga Plastics
2.14.1 Cuyahoga Plastics Details
2.14.2 Cuyahoga Plastics Major Business
2.14.3 Cuyahoga Plastics Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Product and Services
2.14.4 Cuyahoga Plastics Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.14.5 Cuyahoga Plastics Recent Developments/Updates
2.15 CME
2.15.1 CME Details
2.15.2 CME Major Business
2.15.3 CME Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Product and Services
2.15.4 CME Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.15.5 CME Recent Developments/Updates
2.16 Shimada
2.16.1 Shimada Details
2.16.2 Shimada Major Business
2.16.3 Shimada Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Product and Services
2.16.4 Shimada Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.16.5 Shimada Recent Developments/Updates
2.17 Wah Hong Ind
2.17.1 Wah Hong Ind Details
2.17.2 Wah Hong Ind Major Business
2.17.3 Wah Hong Ind Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Product and Services
2.17.4 Wah Hong Ind Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.17.5 Wah Hong Ind Recent Developments/Updates
2.18 Toray Advanced Composites
2.18.1 Toray Advanced Composites Details
2.18.2 Toray Advanced Composites Major Business
2.18.3 Toray Advanced Composites Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Product and Services
2.18.4 Toray Advanced Composites Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.18.5 Toray Advanced Composites Recent Developments/Updates
2.19 Retterbush Fiberglass Corporation
2.19.1 Retterbush Fiberglass Corporation Details
2.19.2 Retterbush Fiberglass Corporation Major Business
2.19.3 Retterbush Fiberglass Corporation Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Product and Services
2.19.4 Retterbush Fiberglass Corporation Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.19.5 Retterbush Fiberglass Corporation Recent Developments/Updates
2.20 Beijing Red Sun Composite Material
2.20.1 Beijing Red Sun Composite Material Details
2.20.2 Beijing Red Sun Composite Material Major Business
2.20.3 Beijing Red Sun Composite Material Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Product and Services
2.20.4 Beijing Red Sun Composite Material Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.20.5 Beijing Red Sun Composite Material Recent Developments/Updates
2.21 Utek Composite
2.21.1 Utek Composite Details
2.21.2 Utek Composite Major Business
2.21.3 Utek Composite Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Product and Services
2.21.4 Utek Composite Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity, Average Price, Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
2.21.5 Utek Composite Recent Developments/Updates
3 Competitive Environment: Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) by Manufacturer
3.1 Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.2 Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Revenue by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.3 Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Average Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023)
3.4 Market Share Analysis (2022)
3.4.1 Producer Shipments of Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) by Manufacturer Revenue ($MM) and Market Share (%): 2022
3.4.2 Top 3 Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Manufacturer Market Share in 2022
3.4.2 Top 6 Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Manufacturer Market Share in 2022
3.5 Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Market: Overall Company Footprint Analysis
3.5.1 Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Market: Region Footprint
3.5.2 Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Market: Company Product Type Footprint
3.5.3 Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Market: Company Product Application Footprint
3.6 New Market Entrants and Barriers to Market Entry
3.7 Mergers, Acquisition, Agreements, and Collaborations
4 Consumption Analysis by Region
4.1 Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Market Size by Region
4.1.1 Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Region (2018-2029)
4.1.2 Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value by Region (2018-2029)
4.1.3 Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Average Price by Region (2018-2029)
4.2 North America Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value (2018-2029)
4.3 Europe Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value (2018-2029)
4.4 Asia-Pacific Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value (2018-2029)
4.5 South America Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value (2018-2029)
4.6 Middle East and Africa Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value (2018-2029)
5 Market Segment by Type
5.1 Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
5.2 Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value by Type (2018-2029)
5.3 Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Average Price by Type (2018-2029)
6 Market Segment by Application
6.1 Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
6.2 Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value by Application (2018-2029)
6.3 Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Average Price by Application (2018-2029)
7 North America
7.1 North America Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
7.2 North America Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
7.3 North America Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Market Size by Country
7.3.1 North America Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2029)
7.3.2 North America Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value by Country (2018-2029)
7.3.3 United States Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
7.3.4 Canada Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
7.3.5 Mexico Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
8 Europe
8.1 Europe Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
8.2 Europe Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
8.3 Europe Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Market Size by Country
8.3.1 Europe Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2029)
8.3.2 Europe Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value by Country (2018-2029)
8.3.3 Germany Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
8.3.4 France Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
8.3.5 United Kingdom Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
8.3.6 Russia Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
8.3.7 Italy Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
9 Asia-Pacific
9.1 Asia-Pacific Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
9.2 Asia-Pacific Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
9.3 Asia-Pacific Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Market Size by Region
9.3.1 Asia-Pacific Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Region (2018-2029)
9.3.2 Asia-Pacific Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value by Region (2018-2029)
9.3.3 China Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
9.3.4 Japan Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
9.3.5 Korea Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
9.3.6 India Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
9.3.7 Southeast Asia Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
9.3.8 Australia Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
10 South America
10.1 South America Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
10.2 South America Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
10.3 South America Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Market Size by Country
10.3.1 South America Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2029)
10.3.2 South America Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value by Country (2018-2029)
10.3.3 Brazil Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
10.3.4 Argentina Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
11 Middle East & Africa
11.1 Middle East & Africa Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2029)
11.2 Middle East & Africa Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2029)
11.3 Middle East & Africa Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Market Size by Country
11.3.1 Middle East & Africa Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2029)
11.3.2 Middle East & Africa Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value by Country (2018-2029)
11.3.3 Turkey Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
11.3.4 Egypt Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
11.3.5 Saudi Arabia Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
11.3.6 South Africa Market Size and Forecast (2018-2029)
12 Market Dynamics
12.1 Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Market Drivers
12.2 Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Market Restraints
12.3 Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Trends Analysis
12.4 Porters Five Forces Analysis
12.4.1 Threat of New Entrants
12.4.2 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
12.4.3 Bargaining Power of Buyers
12.4.4 Threat of Substitutes
12.4.5 Competitive Rivalry
12.5 Influence of COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine War
12.5.1 Influence of COVID-19
12.5.2 Influence of Russia-Ukraine War
13 Raw Material and Industry Chain
13.1 Raw Material of Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) and Key Manufacturers
13.2 Manufacturing Costs Percentage of Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC)
13.3 Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Production Process
13.4 Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Industrial Chain
14 Shipments by Distribution Channel
14.1 Sales Channel
14.1.1 Direct to End-User
14.1.2 Distributors
14.2 Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Typical Distributors
14.3 Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Typical Customers
15 Research Findings and Conclusion
16 Appendix
16.1 Methodology
16.2 Research Process and Data Source
16.3 Disclaimer
List of Tables
Table 1. Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value by Type, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029
Table 2. Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value by Application, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029
Table 3. IDI Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 4. IDI Major Business
Table 5. IDI Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Product and Services
Table 6. IDI Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity (MT), Average Price (US$/MT), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 7. IDI Recent Developments/Updates
Table 8. SDK Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 9. SDK Major Business
Table 10. SDK Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Product and Services
Table 11. SDK Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity (MT), Average Price (US$/MT), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 12. SDK Recent Developments/Updates
Table 13. Lorenz Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 14. Lorenz Major Business
Table 15. Lorenz Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Product and Services
Table 16. Lorenz Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity (MT), Average Price (US$/MT), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 17. Lorenz Recent Developments/Updates
Table 18. Polynt Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 19. Polynt Major Business
Table 20. Polynt Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Product and Services
Table 21. Polynt Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity (MT), Average Price (US$/MT), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 22. Polynt Recent Developments/Updates
Table 23. Huayuan Group Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 24. Huayuan Group Major Business
Table 25. Huayuan Group Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Product and Services
Table 26. Huayuan Group Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity (MT), Average Price (US$/MT), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 27. Huayuan Group Recent Developments/Updates
Table 28. Mar-Bal Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 29. Mar-Bal Major Business
Table 30. Mar-Bal Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Product and Services
Table 31. Mar-Bal Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity (MT), Average Price (US$/MT), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 32. Mar-Bal Recent Developments/Updates
Table 33. Yueqing SMC&BMC Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 34. Yueqing SMC&BMC Major Business
Table 35. Yueqing SMC&BMC Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Product and Services
Table 36. Yueqing SMC&BMC Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity (MT), Average Price (US$/MT), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 37. Yueqing SMC&BMC Recent Developments/Updates
Table 38. Polmix Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 39. Polmix Major Business
Table 40. Polmix Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Product and Services
Table 41. Polmix Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity (MT), Average Price (US$/MT), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 42. Polmix Recent Developments/Updates
Table 43. Changzhou Fonda Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 44. Changzhou Fonda Major Business
Table 45. Changzhou Fonda Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Product and Services
Table 46. Changzhou Fonda Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity (MT), Average Price (US$/MT), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 47. Changzhou Fonda Recent Developments/Updates
Table 48. Kyocera Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 49. Kyocera Major Business
Table 50. Kyocera Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Product and Services
Table 51. Kyocera Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity (MT), Average Price (US$/MT), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 52. Kyocera Recent Developments/Updates
Table 53. Jiangshi Composite Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 54. Jiangshi Composite Major Business
Table 55. Jiangshi Composite Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Product and Services
Table 56. Jiangshi Composite Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity (MT), Average Price (US$/MT), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 57. Jiangshi Composite Recent Developments/Updates
Table 58. Jinchuangyi Electric Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 59. Jinchuangyi Electric Major Business
Table 60. Jinchuangyi Electric Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Product and Services
Table 61. Jinchuangyi Electric Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity (MT), Average Price (US$/MT), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 62. Jinchuangyi Electric Recent Developments/Updates
Table 63. Astar Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 64. Astar Major Business
Table 65. Astar Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Product and Services
Table 66. Astar Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity (MT), Average Price (US$/MT), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 67. Astar Recent Developments/Updates
Table 68. Cuyahoga Plastics Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 69. Cuyahoga Plastics Major Business
Table 70. Cuyahoga Plastics Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Product and Services
Table 71. Cuyahoga Plastics Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity (MT), Average Price (US$/MT), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 72. Cuyahoga Plastics Recent Developments/Updates
Table 73. CME Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 74. CME Major Business
Table 75. CME Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Product and Services
Table 76. CME Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity (MT), Average Price (US$/MT), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 77. CME Recent Developments/Updates
Table 78. Shimada Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 79. Shimada Major Business
Table 80. Shimada Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Product and Services
Table 81. Shimada Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity (MT), Average Price (US$/MT), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 82. Shimada Recent Developments/Updates
Table 83. Wah Hong Ind Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 84. Wah Hong Ind Major Business
Table 85. Wah Hong Ind Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Product and Services
Table 86. Wah Hong Ind Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity (MT), Average Price (US$/MT), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 87. Wah Hong Ind Recent Developments/Updates
Table 88. Toray Advanced Composites Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 89. Toray Advanced Composites Major Business
Table 90. Toray Advanced Composites Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Product and Services
Table 91. Toray Advanced Composites Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity (MT), Average Price (US$/MT), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 92. Toray Advanced Composites Recent Developments/Updates
Table 93. Retterbush Fiberglass Corporation Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 94. Retterbush Fiberglass Corporation Major Business
Table 95. Retterbush Fiberglass Corporation Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Product and Services
Table 96. Retterbush Fiberglass Corporation Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity (MT), Average Price (US$/MT), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 97. Retterbush Fiberglass Corporation Recent Developments/Updates
Table 98. Beijing Red Sun Composite Material Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 99. Beijing Red Sun Composite Material Major Business
Table 100. Beijing Red Sun Composite Material Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Product and Services
Table 101. Beijing Red Sun Composite Material Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity (MT), Average Price (US$/MT), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 102. Beijing Red Sun Composite Material Recent Developments/Updates
Table 103. Utek Composite Basic Information, Manufacturing Base and Competitors
Table 104. Utek Composite Major Business
Table 105. Utek Composite Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Product and Services
Table 106. Utek Composite Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity (MT), Average Price (US$/MT), Revenue (USD Million), Gross Margin and Market Share (2018-2023)
Table 107. Utek Composite Recent Developments/Updates
Table 108. Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Manufacturer (2018-2023) & (MT)
Table 109. Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Revenue by Manufacturer (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 110. Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Average Price by Manufacturer (2018-2023) & (US$/MT)
Table 111. Market Position of Manufacturers in Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC), (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3), Based on Consumption Value in 2022
Table 112. Head Office and Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Production Site of Key Manufacturer
Table 113. Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Market: Company Product Type Footprint
Table 114. Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Market: Company Product Application Footprint
Table 115. Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) New Market Entrants and Barriers to Market Entry
Table 116. Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Mergers, Acquisition, Agreements, and Collaborations
Table 117. Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Region (2018-2023) & (MT)
Table 118. Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Region (2024-2029) & (MT)
Table 119. Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value by Region (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 120. Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value by Region (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 121. Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Average Price by Region (2018-2023) & (US$/MT)
Table 122. Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Average Price by Region (2024-2029) & (US$/MT)
Table 123. Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2023) & (MT)
Table 124. Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Type (2024-2029) & (MT)
Table 125. Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value by Type (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 126. Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value by Type (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 127. Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Average Price by Type (2018-2023) & (US$/MT)
Table 128. Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Average Price by Type (2024-2029) & (US$/MT)
Table 129. Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2023) & (MT)
Table 130. Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Application (2024-2029) & (MT)
Table 131. Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value by Application (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 132. Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value by Application (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 133. Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Average Price by Application (2018-2023) & (US$/MT)
Table 134. Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Average Price by Application (2024-2029) & (US$/MT)
Table 135. North America Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2023) & (MT)
Table 136. North America Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Type (2024-2029) & (MT)
Table 137. North America Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2023) & (MT)
Table 138. North America Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Application (2024-2029) & (MT)
Table 139. North America Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2023) & (MT)
Table 140. North America Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Country (2024-2029) & (MT)
Table 141. North America Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value by Country (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 142. North America Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value by Country (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 143. Europe Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2023) & (MT)
Table 144. Europe Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Type (2024-2029) & (MT)
Table 145. Europe Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2023) & (MT)
Table 146. Europe Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Application (2024-2029) & (MT)
Table 147. Europe Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2023) & (MT)
Table 148. Europe Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Country (2024-2029) & (MT)
Table 149. Europe Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value by Country (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 150. Europe Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value by Country (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 151. Asia-Pacific Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2023) & (MT)
Table 152. Asia-Pacific Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Type (2024-2029) & (MT)
Table 153. Asia-Pacific Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2023) & (MT)
Table 154. Asia-Pacific Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Application (2024-2029) & (MT)
Table 155. Asia-Pacific Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Region (2018-2023) & (MT)
Table 156. Asia-Pacific Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Region (2024-2029) & (MT)
Table 157. Asia-Pacific Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value by Region (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 158. Asia-Pacific Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value by Region (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 159. South America Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2023) & (MT)
Table 160. South America Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Type (2024-2029) & (MT)
Table 161. South America Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2023) & (MT)
Table 162. South America Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Application (2024-2029) & (MT)
Table 163. South America Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Country (2018-2023) & (MT)
Table 164. South America Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Country (2024-2029) & (MT)
Table 165. South America Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value by Country (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 166. South America Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value by Country (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 167. Middle East & Africa Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Type (2018-2023) & (MT)
Table 168. Middle East & Africa Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Type (2024-2029) & (MT)
Table 169. Middle East & Africa Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Application (2018-2023) & (MT)
Table 170. Middle East & Africa Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Application (2024-2029) & (MT)
Table 171. Middle East & Africa Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Region (2018-2023) & (MT)
Table 172. Middle East & Africa Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity by Region (2024-2029) & (MT)
Table 173. Middle East & Africa Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value by Region (2018-2023) & (USD Million)
Table 174. Middle East & Africa Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value by Region (2024-2029) & (USD Million)
Table 175. Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Raw Material
Table 176. Key Manufacturers of Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Raw Materials
Table 177. Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Typical Distributors
Table 178. Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Typical Customers
List of Figures
Figure 1. Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Picture
Figure 2. Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value by Type, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029
Figure 3. Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value Market Share by Type in 2022
Figure 4. General BMC Examples
Figure 5. Electrical BMC Examples
Figure 6. Others BMC Examples
Figure 7. Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value by Application, (USD Million), 2018 & 2022 & 2029
Figure 8. Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value Market Share by Application in 2022
Figure 9. Electrical Industry Examples
Figure 10. Automotive Industry Examples
Figure 11. Others Examples
Figure 12. Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value, (USD Million): 2018 & 2022 & 2029
Figure 13. Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value and Forecast (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 14. Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity (2018-2029) & (MT)
Figure 15. Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Average Price (2018-2029) & (US$/MT)
Figure 16. Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity Market Share by Manufacturer in 2022
Figure 17. Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value Market Share by Manufacturer in 2022
Figure 18. Producer Shipments of Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) by Manufacturer Sales Quantity ($MM) and Market Share (%): 2021
Figure 19. Top 3 Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Manufacturer (Consumption Value) Market Share in 2022
Figure 20. Top 6 Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Manufacturer (Consumption Value) Market Share in 2022
Figure 21. Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity Market Share by Region (2018-2029)
Figure 22. Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value Market Share by Region (2018-2029)
Figure 23. North America Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 24. Europe Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 25. Asia-Pacific Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 26. South America Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 27. Middle East & Africa Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 28. Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
Figure 29. Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
Figure 30. Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Average Price by Type (2018-2029) & (US$/MT)
Figure 31. Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
Figure 32. Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
Figure 33. Global Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Average Price by Application (2018-2029) & (US$/MT)
Figure 34. North America Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
Figure 35. North America Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
Figure 36. North America Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity Market Share by Country (2018-2029)
Figure 37. North America Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value Market Share by Country (2018-2029)
Figure 38. United States Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 39. Canada Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 40. Mexico Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 41. Europe Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
Figure 42. Europe Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
Figure 43. Europe Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity Market Share by Country (2018-2029)
Figure 44. Europe Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value Market Share by Country (2018-2029)
Figure 45. Germany Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 46. France Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 47. United Kingdom Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 48. Russia Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 49. Italy Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 50. Asia-Pacific Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
Figure 51. Asia-Pacific Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
Figure 52. Asia-Pacific Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity Market Share by Region (2018-2029)
Figure 53. Asia-Pacific Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value Market Share by Region (2018-2029)
Figure 54. China Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 55. Japan Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 56. Korea Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 57. India Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 58. Southeast Asia Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 59. Australia Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 60. South America Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
Figure 61. South America Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
Figure 62. South America Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity Market Share by Country (2018-2029)
Figure 63. South America Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value Market Share by Country (2018-2029)
Figure 64. Brazil Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 65. Argentina Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 66. Middle East & Africa Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity Market Share by Type (2018-2029)
Figure 67. Middle East & Africa Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity Market Share by Application (2018-2029)
Figure 68. Middle East & Africa Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Sales Quantity Market Share by Region (2018-2029)
Figure 69. Middle East & Africa Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value Market Share by Region (2018-2029)
Figure 70. Turkey Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 71. Egypt Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 72. Saudi Arabia Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 73. South Africa Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Consumption Value and Growth Rate (2018-2029) & (USD Million)
Figure 74. Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Market Drivers
Figure 75. Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Market Restraints
Figure 76. Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Market Trends
Figure 77. Porters Five Forces Analysis
Figure 78. Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) in 2022
Figure 79. Manufacturing Process Analysis of Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC)
Figure 80. Bulk Molding Compounds (BMC) Industrial Chain
Figure 81. Sales Quantity Channel: Direct to End-User vs Distributors
Figure 82. Direct Channel Pros & Cons
Figure 83. Indirect Channel Pros & Cons
Figure 84. Methodology
Figure 85. Research Process and Data Source
